Association is a status awarded to non-EU countries which have agreed, negotiated and paid to participate in EU programmes, this is possible e.g. for the Framework Programmes, Digital Europe programme, etc.. In the context of proposal consortia, organisations from these countries are treated on the same footing as those in the EU Member States (MS). Always check on the respective programme page the updated list of associated countries. All Western Balkan countries are, for example, associated to Horizon Europe, the 9th EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation.