Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development (R&D)

The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD’s Frascati Manual, is essential for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling R&D statistics.

The result of the collective work of national experts in NESTI, the OECD Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators, it is a standard for R&D collection in the OECD member countries. As a result of initiatives by the OECD, UNESCO and the European Union, it has become an R&D measurement worldwide. It is also a recognised standard in other statistical domains, such as education and trade statistics.